Limited knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, major problems among adolescents – The Island

Dr. Yasuni Manikkage is a committed advocate of sexual health education. She actively promotes awareness and understanding of sexual health issues to provide people with the knowledge and resources they need to maintain healthy relationships and well-being.

What is the current state of knowledge regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents and young people in Sri Lanka and what impact does this have on their health?

The current level of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health among adolescents and young people in Sri Lanka is a cause for great concern. Limited knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, particularly among adolescents, is a major problem. Many do not understand basic physiological processes, such as that nocturnal ejaculations are normal in young men, and few have heard of condoms or emergency contraception. This lack of knowledge makes them vulnerable to sexual health risks, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies. In addition, poor parent-child communication further exacerbates the problem, as many adolescents do not discuss sexual issues with their parents. This knowledge gap leaves them without sufficient information to make informed decisions about their sexual health, increasing their risk of negative health outcomes.

What sexual health services are currently available in Sri Lanka and how accessible are they to the general population?

In Sri Lanka, the Ministry of Health is central to the provision of sexual health services through various health care providers. The Medical Officer of Health (MOH) and Public Health Midwives (PHM) play a crucial role in promoting sexual and reproductive health. Midwives, in particular, provide counseling to eligible couples on contraception and family planning. In addition, they conduct home visits to pregnant mothers and ensure that they receive appropriate care and support throughout their pregnancy. The MOH also provides comprehensive sexual health services, including testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These services are designed to promote the overall well-being of individuals and families and address issues such as unwanted pregnancies and STIs. The National STD/AIDS Control Programme (NSACP) provides comprehensive sexual health services, including STD screening, counselling and education. The Family Planning Association (FPA) Sri Lanka offers a range of services including contraception counselling, fertility education and treatment for sexual dysfunction.

What are the most common sexual health problems among men in Sri Lanka?

In Sri Lanka, men face a number of sexual health problems that can significantly affect their overall well-being and quality of life. Among them, erectile dysfunction is the most common and concerning sexual problem, affecting more than half of men with diabetes. This condition can appear earlier in life compared to men without diabetes, making it a pressing concern for many. Other common conditions among men include premature ejaculation, low libido or age-related prostate problems, which can further affect their sexual health. Other problems include anatomical abnormalities such as Peyronie’s disease, which can cause pain and discomfort during sexual activity. Male infertility is another significant problem that affects many men and their partners. Gender dysphoria, where a person’s gender identity does not match their biological sex, is also a growing problem in Sri Lanka. In addition, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major public health problem, particularly among key populations such as sex workers and men who have sex with men (MSM). These diseases can have serious consequences if left untreated, including infertility, chronic pain, and even death. Men in Sri Lanka need to be aware of these issues and seek medical attention if they have sexual health problems. Regular check-ups and open communication with health care providers can help address these issues and promote overall sexual health and well-being.

What are the most common sexual health problems among women in Sri Lanka?

Women in Sri Lanka face a number of serious sexual health problems. Menstrual problems and their treatment are common, and many women lack access to adequate education and resources. Poor care during and after menopause also contributes to sexual health problems in women, as they may experience lack of desire, arousal, and problems with orgasm. Recurrent pelvic pain, incontinence, and pain during intercourse (dyspareunia) are other common problems that can significantly impact women’s quality of life. Cervical cancer is a major problem and highlights the need for improved screening and prevention measures. In addition, many women are not adequately informed about sexual aids and lubricants that can reduce sexual discomfort and increase pleasure. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach that includes education, access to health services and conversations about women’s sexual health that prevent stigma around sexuality.

If you are suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED), the first step you should take is to talk to your doctor. Your doctor will take a detailed medical and sexual history to determine the causes of your ED. They will assess your sexual function, check for symptoms of hypogonadism (low testosterone), and discuss any chronic conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors that may contribute to ED.

A physical exam will also examine the genitourinary, endocrine, vascular and neurological systems to look for signs of underlying medical conditions. Depending on your medical history and physical exam, your doctor may order additional tests to determine the cause of your erectile dysfunction, such as tests to check for heart disease, diabetes, low testosterone and other conditions, and ultrasound to evaluate blood flow to the penis. Once the cause of your erectile dysfunction is determined, your doctor will discuss treatment options with you, which may include lifestyle changes, medication adjustments (if erectile dysfunction is caused by certain medications), oral medications, vacuum devices or penile injections, and in some cases, penile implant surgery.

What are the key considerations for maintaining a healthy sex life after menopause and how can women deal with any concerns or problems that may arise during this phase?

Maintaining a healthy sex life after menopause requires a multi-pronged approach. Key considerations include managing vaginal dryness and discomfort through the use of lubricants and moisturizers and maintaining open communication with your partner about sexual needs and desires. Women should also prioritize their overall health by exercising regularly, managing stress, and doing pelvic floor exercises to improve circulation and sexual function. In addition, treating underlying emotional or psychological issues, such as anxiety or depression, can help alleviate sexual dysfunction. If concerns or problems arise, women should not hesitate to see their doctor, who can advise them on hormone therapy, sexual dysfunction treatments, and other options tailored to their specific needs.

What common mistakes or misconceptions should be avoided when it comes to sexual health issues?

When treating sexual health problems, individuals should avoid common mistakes and misconceptions. For example, vaginal douching can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, which can lead to infections and complications. Incorrect condom use, such as putting it on during intercourse or taking it off before intercourse is finished, can also increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies. Poor vaginal hygiene, self-treatment, and ignoring signs of abnormalities or irregularities in the vagina can also lead to further complications. In addition, wearing synthetic clothing, not changing period products regularly, and not getting regular testing can also contribute to sexual health problems. Using scented products, storing and reusing condoms incorrectly, and ignoring signs of infection or disorder can also have negative consequences. By avoiding these common mistakes and misconceptions, individuals can maintain their sexual health and reduce their risk of contracting STIs and unwanted pregnancies.

What social stigmas exist among men and women related to sexual health?

In Sri Lanka, social stigmas related to sexual health are widespread and deep-rooted. Men face stigmatization when they talk about sexual issues. Many believe it is unmanly to talk about such topics, leading to a lack of open communication and support. In addition, stigmas related to sexual orientation and sex work are significant, with homosexuality and sex work being banned and stigmatized. This leads to a lack of support and access to healthcare for these communities. Women, on the other hand, face stigmas related to menstruation, pregnancy and motherhood, often leading to feelings of shame and guilt. These stigmas can lead to feelings of shame and guilt, particularly around topics such as sexual activity during pregnancy or menstruation. In addition, women who are victims of sexual abuse or have experienced sexual violence can face stigma and exclusion. The lack of comprehensive sexuality education and open conversations about sexual health further exacerbates these stigmas, leading to misconceptions and lack of understanding among adolescents.