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The Israeli military’s “widespread” use of white phosphorus munitions in its cross-border attacks on southern Lebanon is putting “civilians at grave risk” and contributing to the further displacement of the local population, Human Rights Watch (HRW) said.

In a new report, the New York-based global human rights group said it had documented Israel’s use of white phosphorus in attacks on at least 17 communities in southern Lebanon since October 2023.

The Israeli attacks also included five “communities where air detonation munitions were illegally used over populated residential areas.”

White phosphorus is a waxy, toxic substance that burns at over 800 degrees Celsius (almost 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit). It is used in artillery shells, aerial bombs, and rockets. It burns hot enough to melt metal and is used to set fire to buildings, farmland, and other civilian infrastructure.

“Israel’s indiscriminate use of white phosphorus aerial detonations in populated areas is harming civilians and has forced many to flee their homes,” said Ramzi Kaiss, HRW’s Lebanon researcher.

“The Israeli military should immediately stop using white phosphorus munitions in populated areas, especially when less harmful alternatives are available,” Kaiss said.